Apparatus for wireless telegraphy and telephony



W. E. BEAKES.

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEPHONY.

APPLICAIION FILED APR, 19, 1919.

1,362,3 3, Patented m0. 14,1920.

WW 2 63 W Inventor:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM E. BEAKES, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, ASSIGNOR TO UNITED FRUIT COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY AND TELEYHONY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

Application filed April 19, 1919. Serial No. 291,310.

provide means for eliminating or reducing to a minimum the effect of static or other objectionable disturbances which often seriously interfere with the reception of radio signals. practice to use vertically or horizontally extending antennae supported in the air. More recently, however, it has been found possible to receive radio signals with an antenna embedded in the earth. My invention relates to ,systems in which the antenna is embedded in the earth, and broadly speaking, consists in using in such a system an antenna consisting of a coil of wire. This wire should be insulated, and preferably should be inductively wound. I find that by-means of using such a coil it is possible largely to eliminate the effect of static and other disturbances. Such an antenna is,'moreover, very much easier and cheaper to install and maintain than an antennarconsisting of an extended wire.

I also preferably protect the leads struments connected with the antenna by surrounding them with a metallic shield.

I have illustrated one form of my invention in theaccompanying drawing, in which 1 represents the earth and 2 an inductively wound coil of insulated Wire embedded in the earth. This coil terminates at one end in an insulated dead end 3. The other end of the coil terminates in a lead 4; which is connected into any usual receiving circuit. Since the particular nature of the circuit used forms no part of my invention, it is not necessary to illustrate the receiving system. The antenna circuit, after passing through the receiving system, is preferably grounded in the usual manner.

5 represents a shield or screen of metal which rests upon the ground and within which are placed the receiving instruments 9 and the portions of the circuit external to the ground. This shield has the function and'effect of protecting the receiving instruments and the portions of the circuit exter- Heretofore it has been common and in-' nal to the ground from the effect of static or other disturbing electrical influences. It

is important to avoid, so far as possible, any

extended lead from the coil to the receiving instruments, and therefore I preferably place the shield and the instruments within it directly above the embedded coil, in this manner reducing to a minimum the extent of the lead from the coil to the instruments.

Ilmay if desired use more than one such coi My invention is of chief value in a receiving system, but it may also be used as the antenna in a sending system, in such case the embedded coil being connected to any ordinary sending circuit.

The coil 2 may be wound in any desired manner, but preferably it should be inductively wound,that is to say, the several turns should be in inductive relation to each other, and I have found that a. coil in substantially' the form illustrated in the drawing gives the best results.

'The amount of wire used in the coil may be varied, but I prefer to use about as'much wire as would ordinarily be used in the ordinary form of antenna.

Instead of embedding the coil 3 in the earth, I may embed it in a body of water, such as a river or a well; and embedding the coil in water has the advantage that the coil may be turned into different planes, according to the direction from which the signals to be received emanate.

The term embedded in the earth as .used in' the appended claims will be understood as including such embedment of the 'coils in water as above described.

ters Patent is 1. In an apparatus of the character described, an antenna consisting of a coil of insulated wire embedded in the earth, one end of said coil being a dead end and the other leading to detecting instruments, and thence to ground.

2. In an apparatus of the character described, an antenna consisting of a coil of inductively wound insulated wire embedded in the earth, the several turns of the wire lying in substantially vertical planes, said coil terminating at one end in a dead end and at the other in a leadto receiving instruments and thence to a ground connection.

3. In an apparatus of the character described, an antenna consisting of a coil of inductively Wound insulated Wire embedded in the earth, the several turns of the Wire lying in substantially vertical planes, said coil terminating at one end in a dead end and at the other in a lead to receiving instruments and thence to a ground connection, and a metallic shield protecting said 

